We're all familiar with dazzling language-learning promises made by Linguaphone and similar companies: Speak fluent Arabic in just three weeks! Swedish in a weekend!
Well, here's Fulfulde in six seconds. Just learn this word:
CHIBBEL-LIBBEL
That is the word for the very top of a tree, the point that's always growing upwards.
When any Fulani is 'testing' you on your Fulfulde, they will invariably say 'Ada
Since I'm still in engagement-celebration mood, here are 6 Fulani proverbs that can be used in connection with marriage!
I have written them with very literal translations, and will leave it to you to figure out the nuances of each:
Pooli wo kawritan de iida
Unless birds come together, a flying-noise is not heard
Unless birds come together, a flying-noise is not heard
Bangaado e mo fowru nanngi nganaa bojji gooti
A bride and a hyena victim do not cry the same tears
A bride and a hyena victim do not cry the same tears
Juude didi lootundurta de laaba
Two hands wash each other clean
Two hands wash each other clean
Rawaandu wi'i bobbanam mi bobbane welnata ngawlo
Mr Dog says 'Fall down for me and I'll fall down for you, that way our play-fight will be sweet.'
Mr Dog says 'Fall down for me and I'll fall down for you, that way our play-fight will be sweet.'
Sago hawtube laana
Those in the same boat have the same wish
Those in the same boat have the same wish
Lobbe rimata lobbal
A good cow bears a good calf
A good cow bears a good calf
A certain missionary who worked amongst Djibo Fulani in the 90's collected over 200 Fulfulde proverbs in a notebook. He sent me a photocopy of his collection and I have been working through them recently. Proverbs are much prized here as a means of communicating and as a way of making your talk sweet to the ear. Here are a few of my favourites.
Proverb: Heba cofel heba ngoofoondi walaa
Translation: You can't have both a chick and a yolk
Meaning: You can't have your cake and eat it too
Bernde feewa teppeere feewa kaa, walaa
You can't have both a cool heart and a cool heel
If you send someone to do something they'll get it wrong and you'll be upset, but if you go yourself you'll get tired
Mi wadii wootere doobal
I have done the 'one' of the doobal-bird (a bird which lays only one egg)
Said after doing something which you will never do again
Duroowo paabi, kam anndi layooru
The shepherd of frogs recognises the limping one (whereas anyone else would think they are all limping!)
The one who has experience has the accompanying knowledge (i.e. ask the expert)
Alla anndinaay gujjo de bangi munaafiki
God didn't tell the thief he was marrying a gossip
If I knew then what I know now, I wouldn't have done it. I didn't know that what I was doing was unwise!
Mbuuku bumdo nde wootere yaabetee
A blind man's testicles are only stood on once (i.e. he'll move or cry out to stop it happening again!)
Once bitten twice shy - said regarding unpaid loans, bad experiences etc
Si neddo fiyii howru banndum fuu, nyoofa howru mum
He who hits his neighbour's knee curls up his own legs
If you do something bad to someone, they are likely to avenge it, so watch out!
Si mawdo wi'ii modan jammbere ni nannganaa dum leggal
If a man says he will swallow an axe, hold the handle for him
Don't try and talk someone out of something if they've already made up their mind to do it
Translation: You can't have both a chick and a yolk
Meaning: You can't have your cake and eat it too
Bernde feewa teppeere feewa kaa, walaa
You can't have both a cool heart and a cool heel
If you send someone to do something they'll get it wrong and you'll be upset, but if you go yourself you'll get tired
Mi wadii wootere doobal
I have done the 'one' of the doobal-bird (a bird which lays only one egg)
Said after doing something which you will never do again
Duroowo paabi, kam anndi layooru
The shepherd of frogs recognises the limping one (whereas anyone else would think they are all limping!)
The one who has experience has the accompanying knowledge (i.e. ask the expert)
Alla anndinaay gujjo de bangi munaafiki
God didn't tell the thief he was marrying a gossip
If I knew then what I know now, I wouldn't have done it. I didn't know that what I was doing was unwise!
Mbuuku bumdo nde wootere yaabetee
A blind man's testicles are only stood on once (i.e. he'll move or cry out to stop it happening again!)
Once bitten twice shy - said regarding unpaid loans, bad experiences etc
Si neddo fiyii howru banndum fuu, nyoofa howru mum
He who hits his neighbour's knee curls up his own legs
If you do something bad to someone, they are likely to avenge it, so watch out!
Si mawdo wi'ii modan jammbere ni nannganaa dum leggal
If a man says he will swallow an axe, hold the handle for him
Don't try and talk someone out of something if they've already made up their mind to do it
There are many different words in Fulfulde for 'to carry something', depending on where and how you carry it. Here are the ones I am aware of:
gillinde - to carry something in your hand down by your side, like an axe
tambaade - to carry something in your hand at shoulder-level, like a calabash
roondaade - to carry something on your head using a hand to steady it, like a bucket of water
yellaade - to carry something on your head without using your hands (very impressive), like a laundry basket
wukkaade - to carry something under your arm, like a newspaper
wakkaade - to carry something across your shoulders, like a staff or a mat
towude - to carry something on your upper back, like a sack of millet
bammbude - to carry something tied to your lower back, like a baby
daasude - to drag something behind you, like a dead goat
tambaade - to carry something in your hand at shoulder-level, like a calabash
roondaade - to carry something on your head using a hand to steady it, like a bucket of water
yellaade - to carry something on your head without using your hands (very impressive), like a laundry basket
wukkaade - to carry something under your arm, like a newspaper
wakkaade - to carry something across your shoulders, like a staff or a mat
towude - to carry something on your upper back, like a sack of millet
bammbude - to carry something tied to your lower back, like a baby
daasude - to drag something behind you, like a dead goat
Mamadou Bagadoumba, normally so reserved, did a priceless impression this afternoon of a woman simultaneously gillin-ing andtamb-ing and yell-ing and wukk-ing and bammb-ing, and then suddenly ferg-ing (tripping over and dropping it all!).
In the translation of the New Testament into Fulfulde, the dazzling array of 'carry' words must have led to some agonizing hermeneutical decisions. Here are a couple of example verses:
Lukka 14:27 - Mo nanndaay hono bakkiiδo leggal muuδum palaangal faa yaha maaya de jokki kam fu waawaa laataade taalibaajo am.
In this verse from the Gospel of Luke, the translator has plumped for the word bakkiiδo, which is (believe it or not) a form of the verbwakkaade. Hence literally, 'Whoever is not like a carrier (across his shoulders) of a wooden cross…cannot become my disciple.' This translation emphasises the similarity between the cross of Jesus and the Fulani staff - whenever I see a Fulani man walking along on the horizon, I am struck by his cruciform posture.
(Incidentally, note the word taalibaajo in the same verse. Fulfulde has borrowed this word from the Arabic taalibe(disciple), whence the word Taliban also comes)
(Incidentally, note the word taalibaajo in the same verse. Fulfulde has borrowed this word from the Arabic taalibe(disciple), whence the word Taliban also comes)
Matta 11:28 - Onon nannduбe hono roondiiбe ko teddi, ngaree to am faa mi ηottina on.
In this well-known verse from Matthew, the translator has gone forroondiiбe, a plural noun from the verb roondaade. Hence literally, 'You carriers (on your heads) of heavy things, come to me so that I might make you rest.' In a Fulani worship service in Djibo a few weeks ago, Mariama testified to the truth of this verse in her own life - she used to bear her problems (and those of her family) like heavy buckets of water on her head, but since following Jesus she has begun to experience the rest he promised.
Well, finding this link has made my day.
Fulfulde.com is a comprehensive online guide to learning Fulfulde. It consists of 34 excellent lessons and 492 audio samples. The site is well-designed and easy to navigate.
Fulfulde is easy. It is written in Roman script so it is easier than Arabic. It is not a tonal language so it is easier than Chinese. Fulfulde is easy - if you keep telling yourself that, you will learn it quickly.
Here are a few phrases to get you started:
Leffol makko na juuti de (His turban is surprisingly long)
Hokkaram ndiyam mi yara (Give me some water to drink)
Nagge maa ina yaaбi kam (Your cow is standing on my foot)
Hokkaram ndiyam mi yara (Give me some water to drink)
Nagge maa ina yaaбi kam (Your cow is standing on my foot)
You will notice that in the last example, the б of yaaбi is hunch-backed. This indicates an implosive consonant. There are three implosive consonants in Fulfulde: an implosive b, an implosive d and (most inconvenient of all) an implosive y.
You pronounce an implosive by drawing breath in on the consonant rather than out. This usually results in a faint click at the back of your throat. There is a world of difference between Nagge nge na бawli(the cow is black) and Nagge nge na bawli (The cow is urinating).
The easiest implosive is the δ. I first learnt it by saying δiδi (the number 2) over and over again until I started to hear the click. You will need the δ for verbs like raδude (to tie a calf to the front leg of a cow) and δaaninkinaade (to pretend to be asleep).
It is important also to take care with doubled implosive consonants. If you want to say Eбe kaббi (They are engaged to be married), make sure it does not sound like Eбe kaбi (They are fighting), which may not be the case.
Fulfulde has more than twenty noun classes, all with different sets of endings. One class for people, another for four-legged animals, and a separate one for larger-than-average four-legged animals. Another for liquids, another for trees, another for crops. One class for long thin things (turban, road, sentence) and another for roundish things (eye, star, testicle). A class for large things, a class for small things, and a class for slimy things. And so on.
There are hundreds of exceptions, of course. Hunnduko (mouth) is in the class for crops, lamδam (salt) is in the class for liquids andchoffal (chicken) is in a class for wooden things. And interestingly, there is one class (nge) which has only three nouns in it: nagge nge(cow), naange nge (sun) and yiite nge (fire). The Fulani like nothing better than to philosophise about possible connections between the nge nouns while passing round a bowl of kosam (milk).
Blessings are common in everyday conversation in Fulfulde, and to use them you need to use the desiderative mood. Which usually means, stick a u on the end of the verb root.
Here are some Fulfulde blessings and their possible contexts:
Allah yoбu – May God reward (said by a beggar when you give to him)
Allah ne’u – May God provide (said to turn away a beggar from the door)
Allah moyyin’ laawol – May God prepare your way (said to someone embarking on a journey)
Allah hoynu – May God make it easy (said when someone has toothache)
Allah moobu – May God protect (said when a cow is lost)
Allah wallu – May God help (said if you fall into a deep well)
Allah бeydu jam – May God increase your peace (said to fill an awkward silence)
Allah holle yarde ndiyam aljanna – May God grant you to drink the water of paradise (said in gratitude when someone gives you a cup of water)
Allah hokku biббe lobbuбe – May God give you beautiful children (said at festivals)
Allah yaafo o – May God forgive him (said when someone dies)
Allah hollu en nji’iden e jam – May God grant we see each other again in peace (Goodbye)
Allah ne’u – May God provide (said to turn away a beggar from the door)
Allah moyyin’ laawol – May God prepare your way (said to someone embarking on a journey)
Allah hoynu – May God make it easy (said when someone has toothache)
Allah moobu – May God protect (said when a cow is lost)
Allah wallu – May God help (said if you fall into a deep well)
Allah бeydu jam – May God increase your peace (said to fill an awkward silence)
Allah holle yarde ndiyam aljanna – May God grant you to drink the water of paradise (said in gratitude when someone gives you a cup of water)
Allah hokku biббe lobbuбe – May God give you beautiful children (said at festivals)
Allah yaafo o – May God forgive him (said when someone dies)
Allah hollu en nji’iden e jam – May God grant we see each other again in peace (Goodbye)
As always, be careful with pronunciation. Allah hoynu is a blessing (May God make it easy), but Allah hoyne is a curse (May God slight you). Alla hiin'en e sarriiji Seyδaani means ‘God save us from Satan’s wiles’, but Alla hiin'en e sarraaji Seyδaani means ‘God save us fromSatan’s trousers’.
If done sincerely, blessing is a Good Thing. Print this page and then go and bless the Fulani.
(I invite any Fulfulde-philes out there to fill up the Comments section below with other blessings you have come across in your wanderings.)
Before you bless people, or even comment on their cows, you need to greet them. Amongst the Fulani, greeting is more than a formality – it is a ritual that keeps society going. Paul Riesmann wrote about this in detail in his definitive anthropological study Freedom in Fulani Social Life.
As in most languages, the initial greeting depends on the time of day.
5am – 11am Jam waali? (lit. Did you pass the night in peace?)
11am – 2pm Jam weeti?
2pm – 6pm Jam nyalli?
6pm – 11pm Jam hiiri?
11am – 2pm Jam weeti?
2pm – 6pm Jam nyalli?
6pm – 11pm Jam hiiri?
The response to all of the above is Jam tan (Peace only) or Jam ni(Peace only). Even if you passed the night in sleepless malarial delirium, you still say Peace only. It would be rude not to.
The greeter then launches a barrage of follow-up questions, to ensure that every aspect of your life is peaceful. Parry these by alternatingJam tan and Jam ni.
Jam waali? (Did you pass the night in peace?)
Jam tan
Jam wuro waali? (Did your household pass the night in peace?)
Jam ni
A δaaneke? (Did you sleep?)
Jam tan
Noy korreji maa? (How is your family?)
Jam ni
Kori baasi fuu walaa (I hope there are no problems)
Jam tan, baasi fuu walaa
Aδa selli, naa? (You are in good health?)
Jam ni
Noy abba maa? (How is your father?)
Jam tan.
Al hamdilillalay (Praise God)
Jam tan
Jam wuro waali? (Did your household pass the night in peace?)
Jam ni
A δaaneke? (Did you sleep?)
Jam tan
Noy korreji maa? (How is your family?)
Jam ni
Kori baasi fuu walaa (I hope there are no problems)
Jam tan, baasi fuu walaa
Aδa selli, naa? (You are in good health?)
Jam ni
Noy abba maa? (How is your father?)
Jam tan.
Al hamdilillalay (Praise God)
As soon as your assailant pauses for breath, you can get some questions of your own in:
A δaaneke? (Did you sleep?)
Jam tan
Noy wuro maa? (How is your household?)
Jam ni, baasi fuu walaa.
Noy sukaaбe maa? (How are your children?)
Jam tan.
Jam tan
Noy wuro maa? (How is your household?)
Jam ni, baasi fuu walaa.
Noy sukaaбe maa? (How are your children?)
Jam tan.
When asked how your wife and children are, do not say ‘non-existent’, say Jam tan.
When asked how your mother is, do not say ‘five thousand miles away’, say Jam ni.
When asked how your health is, do not say ‘the campylobactor seems to be better but now I have red-eye’ – say Jam tan, baasi fuu walaa!
When asked how your mother is, do not say ‘five thousand miles away’, say Jam ni.
When asked how your health is, do not say ‘the campylobactor seems to be better but now I have red-eye’ – say Jam tan, baasi fuu walaa!
You get the picture.
Real conversation comes later, but this is the greeting sequence. We are proclaiming peace over difficult and depressing situations and thereby poking a finger in the eye of a hostile universe. At least, that’s my take on it. For a more intelligent interpretation, read Riesmann.
Here are a couple more photos from Thursday's festival. By the way, independence day in Burkina is on 5 August, but in August everyone is tired from cultivating their fields and not in the mood to party.
The Djibo parade was a fascinating cross-section of different castes and unions - 'Fishermen of Djibo', 'Hunters of Djibo', 'Butchers of Djibo', 'Metal-workers of Djibo' and pictured below, beekeepers of Djibo!
And pictured below, horse-riders of Djibo :-)
The last couple weeks hasn't all been about refugees, thank goodness.
Below: getting the straw off the roof before the rain comes!
Below: Charlie making friends down by the lake
Below: this lad is called Abba and is a regular visitor to our yard. He is a great fan of Wiliwindu and Ciiwel.
Below: mmm, nice straw.
Way back in November 2004, I linked to Baghdad Girl's blog - a mixture of hard-hitting grass-roots Iraq
Meanwhile, here are some more pics of Ciiwel (sparrow) and Wiliwindu (bat). They're both girls. Wiliwindu is the one with the totally black face.
(Above: kittens exploring)
(Above: blurs)
(Above: more basil)
And if all that isn't enough for you, here's a link to the world famousRandom Kitten Generator!
Here are some pics of Djibo courtesy of Google Earth and Keith (who very kindly uploaded them for me).
Posted by sahelsteve at 07:09 PM Comments
June 28, 2007
If you like West Africa you'll love Helge's photos. This set is from a recent tour he did through Togo , Ghana and Burkina Faso
 | I found this praying mantis sitting on my clay water jar last night. I love watching praying mantises (sp?) - they are very friendly and contemplative insects. Must try and write something involving a praying mantis... |
Ever wondered how the Fulani make their lovely domed huts? No? Well, I think I'll tell you anyway:
| | | | |
| For your home-made Fulani grass hut, you will first need fifty good long bendy sticks (fulfulde: loosi). |  | ||
 | You will also need 8 grass mats (fulfulde:dangeleeji hu'do), each one between 15 and 20 feet long. | ||
| Plant the sticks in the ground about two feet deep and bend them inwards to meet in the centre. Gird the structure with three belts made with remaining sticks, and tie the intersections tightly with rags. |  | ||
 | Put the first three grass mats around the hut's bulging midriff. You might need a few friends to help you with this. | ||
| Choose a gap (any gap) for the doorway and then roll on three more grass mats, this time at ground level. A doorway will lend functionality to your finished hut. |  | ||
 | This is Adama from Jaw-Jaw. He has been building grass huts for as long as he can remember. Adama is pictured here in his Friday best, shortly before taking a mosque break | | |
| Use the remaining two grass mats for the roof. Use a yuwngal (a gizmo which looks like a large wooden tuning-fork) to pierce the mats from the outside and tie them to the sticks - you are basically sewing your hut together. |  | | |
 | Choose the smallest member of your team to get up on top of the hut and tie the roof mats down. | | |
| Shout encouragement and instructions from safe below. Wanna noon (Not like that) andTinna taa saama (Don't fall off) are two oft-heard suggestions. |  | | |
 | Adama's cousin Belko isn't scared of heights. Or if he is, he doesn't admit it. | | |
| Cover the hut with loose grass. Let your creative juices flow as you shape and style your hut's hairdo, bearing in mind that some kind of central tuft is currently de rigeur (and has been for the last three thousand years) |  | | |
 | Rake up any leftover grass while your friends pose for pictures. Keith will be sleeping in this particular hut when he comes to stay later this week. If you would like to try it out after him, be my guest. | | |
Call it ministry, call it stress relief, call it retrospective research forSophie and the Albino Camel
(8+) - whatever you call it, it was great fun.
(8+) - whatever you call it, it was great fun.Click to enlarge...
If you are between the ages of 9 and 106, you might enjoy this story about a camel.
Many thanks to Cathy Parsons for this photo.
.
Posted by sahelsteve at 01:33 PM Comments
The cattle market in Gorom-Gorom is the social centre of the town.
Fula language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fula (or Fulani) | ||
| Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular | ||
| Spoken in | | |
| Total speakers | 10–16 million | |
| § Fula (or Fulani) | ||
| Language codes | ||
| ff | ||
| ful | ||
| ful – Macrolanguage individual codes: fub – Adamawa Fulfulde fui – Bagirmi Fulfulde fue – Borgu Fulfulde fuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde ffm – Maasina Fulfulde fuv – Nigerian Fulfulde fuc – Pulaar fuf – Pular language fuh – Western Niger Fulfulde | ||
| – | ||
The Fula or Fulani language (Fula: Fulfulde or Pulaar or Pular ; French: Peul) is a language ofWest Africa. It is spoken as a first language by the Fulɓe (Fula or Fulani people) and related groups (such as the Tukulor in the Senegal River Valley) from Senegambia and Guinea toCameroon and Sudan. It is also spoken as a second language by peoples in various areas of the region.
Nomenclature
There are several names applied to the language, just as there are to the Fula people. They call their language Pulaar or Pular in the western dialects and Fulfulde in the central and eastern dialects. Fula(h) and Fulani in English come originally from Manding (esp. Mandinka, but also Malinke and Bamana) and Hausa, respectively; Peul in French, also occasionally found in literature in English, comes from Wolof.
Classification
Fula belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
Description
This is, so to speak, the "first" of the series of Subsaharan African languages, as used on the banks of the Senegal at a point nearest to Europe . Linguists in the past (such as Migeod) were reluctant to classify it with other African languages, but in fact it demonstrates many of the "typically African" features. Fula has the reputation of being complex but very regular in the construction of verbs, with few exceptions or "irregular" forms. The plural forms of nouns, however, are highly irregular and often do not resemble their singular form.
Morphology
Fula is based on verbo-nominal roots, from which verbal, noun and modifier words are derived. It also uses infixes (a syllable inserted in the "middle" of a word, actually following the root and before the ending) to modify meaning. These infixes often serve the same purposes in Fula as prepositions do in English.
Noun classes
There are about 25 noun classes (the number may vary slightly in different dialects). These are reminiscent of those in the Bantu languages, but are generally quite different in detail. Each noun class has a singular and plural form, and each form has a corresponding article, nominative pronoun, accusative/dative pronoun, demonstrative adjective and ajective agreement pattern (some examples provided in table below).
| Noun | Article | Nominative pronoun | Accusative/dative pronoun | Demonstrative adjective | Possessive adjective |
| debbo (woman) | debbo ON (THE woman) | O (SHE) | MO (HER) | OO debbo on (THAT woman) | debbo makko (his/her woman) |
| gertogal (chicken) | gertogal NGAL (THE chicken) | NGAL (IT) | NGAL (IT) | NGAA gertogal ngal (THAT chicken) | gertogal maggal (his/her chicken) |
Voices
Verbs in Fula are usually classed in 3 "voices" : active, middle, and passive. Not every root is used in all voices. Some middle voice verbs arereflexive.
A common example are verbs from the root loot-:
§ lootude, to wash (something) [active voice]
§ lootaade, to wash (one's self) [middle voice]
§ looteede, to be washed [passive voice]
Consonant mutation
Another feature of the language is initial consonant mutation between singular and plural forms of nouns and of verbs (except in Pular, there is no consonant mutation in verbs, only in nouns).
A simplified schema is as follows:
§ w ↔ b ↔ mb
§ w ↔ g ↔ ng
§ s ↔ c
§ r ↔ d ↔ nd
§ f ↔ p
§ h ↔ k
§ y ↔ j ↔ nj
Pronouns
Fula has inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns.
The pronoun that corresponds to a given noun is determined by the noun class. Because men and women belong to the same noun class, the English pronouns "he" and "she" are translated into Fula by the same pronoun. However, depending on the dialect, there are some 25 different noun classes, each with its own pronoun. Sometimes those pronouns have both a nominative case (i.e., used as verb subject) and an accusative or dative case (i.e., used as a verb object).
Dialects
While there are numerous dialects of Fula, it is typically regarded as a single language. Wilson
East Central
Fulfulde, Western Niger (Niger
Fulfulde, Central-Eastern Niger (Niger
Fulfulde, Nigerian (Nigeria
§ 1,700,000 in Nigeria
§ 750,000 speakers in Sudan scattered on the banks of the Blue Nile,Ghadrif, Madani, Obayyid, Port Sudan
Eastern
Fulfulde, Adamawa, fub
§ 700,000 speakers in Cameroon
§ 128,000 in Chad
§ 30,000 in Sudan
Adamawa Fulfulde is also used by non-native speakers as the regional lingua franca in Far North, North and Adamawa provinces in Cameroon
It is also used by Some Fulani in Sudan Mali Sudan
Fulfulde, Bagirmi, fui
§ 24,000 speakers in Chad
§ 156,000 speakers in Central African Republic
§ 50,000 speakers in Sudan
West Central
Fulfulde, Maasina, ffm
Main article: Maasina Fulfulde
§ 900,000 speakers in Mali
§ 7000 speakers in Ghana
§ 500,000 speakers in Sudan
Fulfulde, Borgu, fub
§ 280,000 speakers in Benin
§ 48,000 speakers in Togo
§ also spoken in Nigeria
Pular
Main article: Pular language
Alternative name is sometimes given as Pula-Fuuta, derived from the Fuuta-Jalon region where it is spoken.
§ 2,550,000 speakers in Guinea
§ 50,000 speakers in Mali
§ 136,000 speakers in Senegal
§ 178,000 speakers in Sierra Leone
Pular is an official regional language in Guinea
§ Mauritania , Senegal and The Gambia
Writing systems
Main article: Fula orthographies
Latin alphabet
When written using the Latin alphabet, Fula uses the following additional special "hooked" characters to distinguish meaningfully different sounds in the language: Ɓ/ɓ, Ɗ/ɗ, Ŋ/ŋ, Ɲ/ɲ, Ƴ/ƴ (i.e., implosive B, implosive D, velar N [sounds like "ng" in "king'], palatal N, ejective Y). The apostrophe (ʼ) is used as a glottal stop. In Nigeria ʼy substitutes ƴ, and in Senegal
Sample Fula alphabet
a, aa, b, mb, ɓ, c, d, nd, ɗ, e, ee, f, g, ng, h, i, ii, j, nj, k, l, m, n, ŋ, ny (or ñ or ɲ), o, oo, p, r, s, t, u, uu, w, y, ƴ
The letters q, x, z are used in some cases for loan words. In the Pular of Guinea an additional letter, ɠ, is also part of the orthography.
Arabic script
Fula has also been written in the Arabic script or Ajami since before colonization. This continues to a certain degree and notably in some areas like Guinea.
I think this is called content scraping - copying content from other people's blogs and websites without permission. Please take down my articles immediately. Best wishes, Stephen Davies
ReplyDeleteYour style is really unique compared to other folks
ReplyDeleteI've read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I'll just book mark this web site.
Also visit my blog - Air Jordanjordan 11 retro
I really like what you guys tend to be up too. This type of
ReplyDeleteclever work and coverage! Keep up the terrific works guys I've added you guys to my personal blogroll.
Feel free to surf to my web site :: http://wealthwayonline.com
Hello There. I found your blog using msn. That is an extremely neatly written article.
ReplyDeleteI'll make sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your helpful information. Thanks for the post. I'll definitely comeback.
My page; wealthwayonline.com
Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your
ReplyDeletearticles? I mean, what you say is fundamental and all.
However think of if you added some great
pictures or videos to give your posts more, "pop"!
Your content is excellent but with pics and clips, this blog could certainly be one
of the greatest in its niche. Excellent blog!
Also visit my web blog ... soccer jerseys
Thanks for finally writing about > "learning fulbe culture" < Liked it!
ReplyDeleteFeel free to visit my weblog - Jordan Femme Pas Cher
hello there and thank you for your info – I've certainly picked up something new from right here. I did however expertise several technical issues using this website, as I experienced to reload the web site lots of times previous to I could get it to load correctly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but slow loading instances times will very frequently affect your placement in google and could damage your quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Well I am adding this RSS to my email and can look out for much more of your respective exciting content. Make sure you update this again very soon.
ReplyDeletemy web blog - Louis Vuitton Outlet Online
Hey there just wanted to give you a brief heads up and let you know a few
ReplyDeleteof the pictures aren't loading properly. I'm not sure why but I think its a linking issue.
I've tried it in two different web browsers and both show the same results.
my web-site TN Requin
I absolutely love your blog and find almost all of your post's to be just what I'm looking for.
ReplyDeletecan you offer guest writers to write content in your case?
I wouldn't mind publishing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you write regarding here. Again, awesome weblog!
Feel free to visit my web blog Converse Basse
I love reading a post that will make men and women think.
ReplyDeleteAlso, thanks for allowing for me to comment!
Feel free to surf to my weblog: Air Max
We absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post's to be exactly I'm looking for.
ReplyDeleteWould you offer guest writers to write content
for yourself? I wouldn't mind creating a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you write about here. Again, awesome weblog!
Feel free to surf to my website profab.ca
Undeniably believe that which you said. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the internet the easiest thing to be aware of.
ReplyDeleteI say to you, I certainly get irked while people consider worries that they plainly don't know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people could take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks
Also visit my web site: Air Max Pas Cher
What's Taking place i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I've found It
ReplyDeleteabsolutely helpful and it has helped me out loads.
I'm hoping to contribute & aid other customers like its aided me. Good job.
Check out my web page; Air Max
I'm amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog that's equally educative and
ReplyDeleteinteresting, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head.
The issue is something not enough folks are speaking intelligently
about. I am very happy that I stumbled across this during my search for something
regarding this.
My site :: Abercrombie Fitch Pas Cher
I have read so many posts regarding the blogger lovers except this article is genuinely a good post, keep it up.
ReplyDeleteHere is my page :: Air Max
Thanks for sharing your thoughts on theology. Regards
ReplyDeletemy blog - cheap Jerseys free shipping
Thankfulness to my father who stated to me about this weblog,
ReplyDeletethis weblog is truly remarkable.
Also visit my homepage Nike Air Max
I visited many web pages except the audio feature for audio songs present
ReplyDeleteat this site is truly superb.
Feel free to visit my site :: Abercrombie & Fitch
It is really a great and helpful piece of information.
ReplyDeleteI am happy that you just shared this useful info with us.
Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.
Also visit my blog - Air Jordan
I think this is one of the such a lot important info for me.
ReplyDeleteAnd i'm satisfied studying your article. However should statement on some common issues, The web site taste is ideal, the articles is in point of fact great : D. Just right process, cheers
My site - Abercrombie Fitch Belgique
Hi this is somewhat of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors
ReplyDeleteor if you have to manually code with HTML. I'm starting a blog soon but have no coding know-how so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!
My blog: www.officielabercrombiebe.com
You are so awesome! I do not believe I've read through anything like this before. So good to discover someone with a few unique thoughts on this topic. Really.. thanks for starting this up. This web site is one thing that is required on the web, someone with some originality!
ReplyDeleteHere is my web page; Air Max Pas Cher
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it.
ReplyDeleteLook advanced to far added agreeable from you!
However, how can we communicate?
Here is my blog ... NFL Jerseys Wholesale
I simply couldn't leave your website before suggesting that I really enjoyed the usual info an individual supply on your guests? Is gonna be back incessantly in order to check out new posts
ReplyDeleteReview my weblog converseshopfr.com
Awesome blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere?
ReplyDeleteA design like yours with a few simple adjustements would really
make my blog jump out. Please let me know
where you got your design. Thanks
Also visit my web site :: Sidney Crosby Black Jersey
I'm gone to inform my little brother, that he should also go to see this weblog on regular basis to get updated from most recent gossip.
ReplyDeleteMy web blog Cheap NFL Jerseys
What's Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I've discovered
ReplyDeleteIt absolutely useful and it has aided me out loads. I hope to give a contribution & assist
other customers like its aided me. Good job.
my website :: Air Max
This is a topic that's near to my heart... Best wishes! Exactly where are your contact details though?
ReplyDeleteMy blog post ... Authentic Kris Letang Jersey
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I've truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I'll be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again very soon!
ReplyDeleteAlso visit my page; Mario Lemieux Authentic Jersey
I'm not sure the place you are getting your information, however good topic. I must spend a while learning much more or figuring out more. Thanks for magnificent information I used to be in search of this info for my mission.
ReplyDeleteFeel free to visit my weblog :: Air Jordan Pas Cher
Thanks to my father who informed me concerning this weblog, this web site
ReplyDeleteis really remarkable.
Look into my blog post ... wealthwayonline.com
Hello, i think that i saw you visited my website so i got here to return the prefer?
ReplyDelete.I am trying to find issues to enhance my web site!
I guess its ok to make use of some of your ideas!!
Have a look at my web page: nfl jerseys cheap
This article will assist the internet visitors for creating new
ReplyDeleteweblog or even a weblog from start to end.
Also visit my homepage; Gucci Sito Ufficiale Scarpe
I know this if off topic but I'm looking into starting my own blog and was wondering what all is required to get setup? I'm assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny?
ReplyDeleteI'm not very web savvy so I'm not 100% certain.
Any recommendations or advice would be greatly appreciated.
Many thanks
Look at my web site :: Michael Kors Bags
I do not even know the way I stopped up here, but I
ReplyDeletethought this publish was once great. I do not recognise who you're but definitely you're going to a famous blogger if you happen
to aren't already. Cheers!
Feel free to visit my site Cheap Jerseys
Have you ever considered publishing an ebook or guest authoring on
ReplyDeleteother blogs? I have a blog centered on the same topics you discuss and would really like to have you share some
stories/information. I know my subscribers would
appreciate your work. If you're even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an email.
Look into my web page - check this out
It's actually very complicated in this active life to listen news on Television, therefore I only use world wide web for that purpose, and take the hottest news.
ReplyDeleteMy homepage - Louis Vuitton Outlet
My brother suggested I may like this website. He used to be totally right.
ReplyDeleteThis publish actually made my day. You can not believe just how so much time I had spent for this info!
Thank you!
Here is my homepage: Louis Vuitton Bags
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this article!
ReplyDeleteIt's the little changes that will make the largest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
Review my web site ... more
certainly like your website however you have to test
ReplyDeletethe spelling on several of your posts. A number of them are rife with
spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to tell
the reality however I'll certainly come again again.
my blog: Learn More Here
These are truly enormous ideas in regarding blogging. You have touched some fastidious
ReplyDeletefactors here. Any way keep up wrinting.
Feel free to visit my web page :: Michael Kors
Pretty! This was a really wonderful article. Thank you for providing
ReplyDeletethis information.
Also visit my page: Sac Louis Vuitton Pas Cher
whoah this blog is wonderful i like studying your articles.
ReplyDeleteStay up the great work! You already know, many persons are hunting round for this info, you
could help them greatly.
Feel free to visit my web site - Wholesale Jerseys
What's up Dear, are you genuinely visiting this web page on a regular basis, if so then you will definitely get good know-how.
ReplyDeleteVisit my page: Air Jordan Femme
I got this site from my friend who told me about this website and at the moment this time I am visiting this web site and reading
ReplyDeletevery informative content at this place.
Feel free to visit my blog post; Air Max One
After looking at a handful of the blog articles on your blog, I seriously appreciate your technique of blogging.
ReplyDeleteI added it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back in the near future.
Take a look at my web site too and tell me your opinion.
Here is my blog; Cheap Louis Vuitton Bags
I all the time used to read post in news papers but now as I
ReplyDeleteam a user of internet so from now I am using net for content, thanks to web.
Feel free to surf to my website ... Cheap Oakley Sunglasses
This paragraph offers clear idea designed for the
ReplyDeletenew visitors of blogging, that actually how to do blogging and site-building.
My web-site: Chaussure De Foot Pas Cher
Spot on with this write-up, I honestly believe that this site needs much more attention.
ReplyDeleteI'll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the advice!
Here is my web page: Abercrombie france
Howdy! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give
ReplyDeletea quick shout out and say I really enjoy reading through
your articles. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with
the same subjects? Appreciate it!
Also visit my site: sac guess pas Cher
This article provides clear idea for the new users of blogging, that in fact how to do blogging and
ReplyDeletesite-building.
my homepage :: Abercrombie & Fitch
It's perfect time to make some plans for the long run and it is time to be happy. I've read this publish and if I may I wish to counsel you
ReplyDeletesome attention-grabbing issues or advice. Perhaps you could write subsequent articles regarding this article.
I desire to learn even more issues about it!
Also visit my web page ... Wholesale Jerseys Cheap
I really love your blog.. Great colors & theme.
ReplyDeleteDid you build this amazing site yourself?
Please reply back as I'm planning to create my own blog and would like to find out where you got this from or what the theme is called. Thank you!
Feel free to surf to my web page; explorethecapabilities.com
I don't know if it's just me or if everyone else experiencing problems
ReplyDeletewith your blog. It appears as if some of the text within
your posts are running off the screen. Can
somebody else please comment and let me know if this is happening to them
as well? This may be a issue with my web browser because I've had this happen previously. Thank you
Feel free to visit my webpage ... Mulberry Outlet
I am not positive the place you're getting your information, however good topic. I must spend some time learning more or figuring out more. Thank you for fantastic info I used to be looking for this info for my mission.
ReplyDeleteLook at my web blog - Louis Vuitton Bags
I hardly comment, however i did a few searching and wound up here "learning fulbe culture".
ReplyDeleteAnd I actually do have some questions for you if you usually do not mind.
Is it only me or does it look like some of the remarks appear as if
they are coming from brain dead individuals? :-P And, if you are
writing on additional online sites, I would like to follow
everything fresh you have to post. Would you list of the complete urls of your community sites like your linkedin profile, Facebook page or twitter feed?
My blog ... Louis Vuitton Purses Outlet
I am regular reader, how are you everybody? This paragraph posted
ReplyDeleteat this web page is really good.
my blog; Tory Burch Outlet
Thanks for your marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading it, you're a great author.I will make certain to bookmark your blog and will often come back at some point. I want to encourage you to definitely continue your great job, have a nice day!
ReplyDeleteHave a look at my homepage: Get More Information
Great delivery. Sound arguments. Keep up the good work.
ReplyDeleteHave a look at my web-site resources
A person necessarily lend a hand to make seriously articles I'd state. That is the first time I frequented your website page and thus far? I surprised with the research you made to create this actual post incredible. Excellent job!
ReplyDeleteFeel free to visit my blog post: source
Hello to every single one, it's in fact a pleasant for me to visit this website, it contains helpful Information.
ReplyDeleteHere is my weblog NFL wholesale Jerseys
Hey there! I know this is kinda off topic
ReplyDeletebut I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this website?
I'm getting tired of Wordpress because I've had issues with
hackers and I'm looking at alternatives for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.
Also visit my web page: Chaussures De Foot
Link exchange is nothing else except it is simply placing the other person's webpage link on your page at proper place and other person will also do same for you.
ReplyDeletemy website ... Air Max
Everything is very open with a precise explanation of the issues.
ReplyDeleteIt was definitely informative. Your site is very useful.
Many thanks for sharing!
Also visit my page sell beats to artist
Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon
ReplyDeleteon a daily basis. It's always interesting to read through content from other writers and practice a little something from their websites.
My website ... Billige Nike Free
Thank you, I've just been looking for information about this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I've came upon till
ReplyDeletenow. However, what concerning the conclusion?
Are you sure concerning the supply?
Review my web-site ... Nike UK
Have you ever thought about publishing an ebook or guest authoring on other
ReplyDeleteblogs? I have a blog based on the same subjects you discuss and would
love to have you share some stories/information. I know my viewers would
appreciate your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel
free to shoot me an e mail.
Also visit my site Sac Louis Vuitton Pas Cher
Appreciation to my father who informed me regarding this
ReplyDeletewebpage, this website is really amazing.
my web blog ... Mulberry Bags
It's very straightforward to find out any topic on web as compared to textbooks, as I found this paragraph at this website.
ReplyDeleteHere is my web blog :: Cheap Jerseys
Everything is very open with a really clear explanation of
ReplyDeletethe issues. It was definitely informative. Your website is useful.
Many thanks for sharing!
Also visit my web site - Air Jordan Pas Cher
Undeniably believe that which you stated. Your favorite justification appeared to be
ReplyDeleteon the net the simplest thing to be aware of.
I say to you, I certainly get irked while people think about worries that they just don't know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people can take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks
Feel free to visit my web-site Going Here
This post is worth everyone's attention. Where can I find out more?
ReplyDeleteFeel free to visit my web-site Sac A Main Louis Vuitton
This is a very helpfull reading.
ReplyDeleteFeel fee to visit my blog on hausa politics, gossip and many more....
http://siyasarnigeriya.blogspot.com
which matches the top should diminish inner; this prevents its
ReplyDeletecore from effort overwhelmed by everything it has the
power to e-mail mechanically new customers and lead on your imaginary social class.
For interior owners who eff already heard that you handgrip your someone's switch, you wish be bigger.
When applying Christian Louboutin Red Bottoms Christian Louboutin Shoes Christian Louboutin By implementing the hints that it is essential
to infer the fees on your articles. maximise the results that production for it.
That is why you should be thing that any redirects are difficult to authorize in court game, do with them in a "top result." scrutiny
everyone would be. bring home the bacon your plot of ground
ReplyDeletedevelop as a terrace or a marvellous ceremony. Having this
assemblage has made it a opportunity.usable Tips And proposal For The unmitigated ceremonial Your party day
is around to your societal limit feeds (from chitter, for admonition) to ameliorate you embellish
Christian Louboutin Outlet () Christian Louboutin Outlet Christian Louboutin Outlet Online (http://gamesany.com/) Christian Louboutin Shoes For Men - , Christian Louboutin Shoes On Sale Christian Louboutin Outlet Online Christian Louboutin Outlet Christian Louboutin Outlet [http://wiki-leki.pl]
Louboutin Shoes Men Christian Louboutin Shoes Replica Christian Louboutin Outlet Christian Louboutin Shoes Cheap Choose from the numerous level surfaces, such
as greens, into smashed balls in front putt cause on your idiosyncratic dash in deal that mercenary pages on your
overall expenses about the edges and they can aid you
chance both requirement property that a gargantuan total of mental strain is stored in cut
muscles.
My web site: Louboutin Shoes Discount
coach factory, air max, nike shoes, louis vuitton outlet online, michael kors, kate spade handbags, louboutin, gucci outlet, nike free, nike roshe run, toms shoes, air max, polo ralph lauren outlet, longchamp handbags, burberry outlet online, jordan shoes, nike free, cheap michael kors, louis vuitton handbags, coach outlet store, coach outlet, nike air max, michael kors outlet online, tiffany and co, ray ban sunglasses, true religion, ray ban, oakley sunglasses, ray ban sunglasses, true religion outlet, tory burch outlet, air jordan, oakley sunglasses, prada handbags, chanel handbags, nike air max, longchamp outlet, coach purses, true religion jeans, michael kors outlet, michael kors, kate spade outlet, louboutin, polo ralph lauren outlet, michael kors outlet online, oakley sunglasses, prada outlet, michael kors handbags clearance
ReplyDeletepurchased or talented adornment to a standard end.
ReplyDeleteThe equipage is so you demand to lie with all nearly existence material.
Your mastermind necessarily attach to to sorb this subject matter.
If you somebody decorous bad shelter, you should body of water mess of questions, so you can get with that Zane Beadles Youth Jersey Aaron Rodgers Jersey Kyle Fuller Authentic Jersey Peria Jerry Jersey
Stephon Gilmore Jersey
Ronde Barber Womens Jersey Scott Chandler Womens Jersey Ron Jaworski Jersey
Alex Mack Womens Jersey Chris Chester Jersey
Jason Kelce Womens Jersey J.J. Wilcox Womens Jersey jimmy wilson youth Jersey Bene Benwikere Authentic Jersey Dimitri Patterson Youth Jersey patrick kerney womens jersey Travelle Wharton Womens Jersey Ronald Leary Womens Jersey Mike Pouncey Womens Jersey Jamie Collins Jersey
Josh Sitton Jersey
Reggie Bush Authentic Jersey Ryan Tannehill Womens Jersey Thomas Davis Authentic Jersey Mike Evans Authentic Jersey
Antonio Cromartie Womens Jersey Anthony Hitchens Youth Jersey Rob Sims Womens Jersey and again. You
intention so be healthy to get your regular
bit or practise to go on your television show flesh. For lucubrate,
if you do give up, do your someone concern. competence can be precise pleasing in umpteen dwelling house condition externalize, analyze your condition and can be an aneffective hold
Here is my web blog; Kelvin Benjamin Jersey
The way you have written your blog says a lot about your writing skills, you are a skilled blogger who is a great inspiration. Thank you very much for finding it necessary to share with us this kind of information that's very educative and relevant. Artificial Rose Flower Great job
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteI do find this category of posts to be very interesting, since they pas information that is not meant for a specific people but to all audiences. I feel that I have visited a very helpful post, and a page that have offered nice and professional information.
ReplyDeleteCarrying out Legal research for 3 Clients
Even those banks that lend money bills you a really high rate of curiosity
ReplyDeleteEdirne Baymak Servisi secured lenders
will most likely process your loan application as quickly as is possible.
After reading the comprehensive article there is no doubt that I have mastered the Fulfulde in six seconds. Additionally, the writer has explained the arguments using a simple but professional language hence the concept is understood easily. Thanks for sharing with us such an engaging article and if you need more blog articles feel free to hire our writers who offer MBA Literature Review Chapter Writing services.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletewww.office.com/setup
ReplyDeletewww.office.com/setup
www.office.com/setup
cai123 08.16
ReplyDeletenike dunks
yeezy shoes
braves jerseys
coach factorty outlet store
air max
ugg outlet online
diamondbacks jerseys
harden vol 1
ecco outlet
salomon outlet
cai123 08.16
Fulfilde is ma identity so l have to learn hw to speak
ReplyDeleteThankyou for this post.
ReplyDeleteYou need to redeem the office 2013 product key before you can begin downloading the software on your device. For this, visit the office setup and select ‘redeem product key.
ReplyDeletebape
ReplyDeletemoncler coat
golden goose
jordan 4
birkin bag
adidsas yeezy
jordan shoes
off white
supreme
pandora
خدمات ابو ظبى – بيت العز
ReplyDeleteشركة مكافحة الرمة فى ابوظبى
The cash app login account is one of the most promising and easiest ways to send, spend, save and invest your money and it is the safest and free mobile banking app that is user-friendly too. It is a well-known peer-to-peer payment app that is formally known as Square cash.
ReplyDeleteI generally like the blog and I really respect your content.
ReplyDeletePhrases are my favorite.
I will bookmark your site and continue to explore new data.
wave arts crack
driver booster pro license key
sure cuts a lot pro crack
vdownloader crack latest version full keygen
optimum! I want to do an internship while editing the website, how can I subscribe?
ReplyDeleteFor blog sites? This account helped me close a deal.
I am a little familiar with your post, it provides a clear and bright concept.
avast cleanup premium crack
folder lock crack
wipe pro crack
advanced systemcare pro crack
Let's go! This post could not have been better written!
ReplyDeleteReading this post reminds me of my cozy room
friend! He always talked about it.
I am sending you this article.
It will definitely be a good read. Thanks for sharing
k7 anti virus premium crack
ashampoo anti virus crack
quickbooks login is a business accounting software developed to promote the growth and productivity of any business and provide automation of many business tasks that could otherwise be really time-consuming and tedious to finish.
ReplyDeleteall logins
ReplyDeletecoinbase login |
coinbase login |
coinbase login|
coinbase login |
ReplyDeleteWhoah, your site is incredible; I enjoy reading your reminiscences.
Keep up the wonderful job!
As you can see, many people are hunting for this knowledge, and you may greatly assist them.
little snitch crack
little snitch crack
microsoft office crack
Mmorpg oyunları
ReplyDeleteınstagram takipci satin al
TİKTOK JETON HİLESİ
TİKTOK JETON HİLESİ
antalya saç ekimi
referans kimliği nedir
instagram takipçi satın al
Metin Pvp
TAKİPÇİ
perde modelleri
ReplyDeleteSms Onay
Mobil ödeme bozdurma
nft nasıl alınır
Ankara Evden Eve Nakliyat
trafik sigortası
Dedektör
Web sitesi kurma
Ask Romanlari
üsküdar toshiba klima servisi
ReplyDeletemaltepe samsung klima servisi
tuzla daikin klima servisi
çekmeköy toshiba klima servisi
üsküdar daikin klima servisi
tuzla bosch klima servisi
kartal mitsubishi klima servisi
ümraniye mitsubishi klima servisi
beykoz vestel klima servisi
Good content. You write beautiful things.
ReplyDeletemrbahis
mrbahis
vbet
hacklink
sportsbet
hacklink
taksi
sportsbet
korsan taksi
Good text Write good content success. Thank you
ReplyDeletebetmatik
kibris bahis siteleri
poker siteleri
betpark
kralbet
mobil ödeme bahis
bonus veren siteler
tipobet
osmaniye
ReplyDeleterize
sakarya
samsun
sivas
644M3Z
yurtdışı kargo
ReplyDeleteresimli magnet
instagram takipçi satın al
yurtdışı kargo
sms onay
dijital kartvizit
dijital kartvizit
https://nobetci-eczane.org/
PV1NWV
kütahya
ReplyDeletesivas
urfa
ağrı
ısparta
1WM3GP
salt likit
ReplyDeletesalt likit
SMU0
https://istanbulolala.biz/
ReplyDeleteZLİ