Janngirde Fulfulde/learning fulfulde

Fiinannde 1/day one

Alkule limto Fulfulde:
a, b, ɓ, c, d, ɗ, e, f,
g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n,
ny/ñ, o, p, ŋ, r, s, t, u,
w, y, ƴ, mb, nd, ng, nj.

Tewrugol :
A,a = Aamadu, amugol (to dance).

B,b = Bayillo, bantagol (to slap).

Ɓ, ɓ= Ɓoylugol (to bend), ɓale (black).

C,c=Caangol (river), pronunciation of “c” in Fulfulde is just as “ch” in church/cello. c=ch in English.

D,d = Daara (name of a place), daragol (to stand).

Ɗ,ɗ= Ɗoftaare (obedience), ɗoftagol (to obey).

E,e = Eda, ɓetugol (to measure).

F,f = Faatumata, fatugol (to boil).

G,g = Galle, gollugol (to work).

H,h = Hayre, haalugol (to speak).

I,i = Idiriisa, ittugol (to remove).

J,j = Jallo, jaabagol (to answer).

K,k = Kaafa, kalugol (to hinder).

L,l = Lamaraana, laaɓugol (to be clean).

M,m = Maryama, meemugol (to touch).

N,n = Nafoore, ne’agol (to be polite).

NY,ny/Ñ,ñ = Nyaamo (right hand), nyaamugol (to eat), pronuncition as in Kenya, ñ=ny.

O,o = Ommbaalo (a cover), ommbugol (to cover).

P,p = Paykum (a child), piyugol (to beat).

Ŋ,ŋ= Ŋarol (beauty), ŋatugol (to bite). Pronunciation as “ng ” in going, ŋ=ng in English.

R,r = Raaya (flag), raɗagol (to chase).

S,s = Saliimatu, salagol (to refuse).

T,t = Taahiru, tagugol (to creat).

U,u = Umaru, ukkugol (to put sth in).

W,w = Wuuri, wowlugol (to talk).

Y,y = Yaaye, yahugol (to go).

Ƴ, ƴ= Ƴamal, ƴettugol (to take).

Mb,mb = Mbaylaandi (industry), mbeewa (a goat).

Nd,nd = Ndaha (ink).

Ng,ng = Ngalu (wealth).

Nj,nj = Njaareendi (sand).

Fiinannde 2 / day 2

Winnden (mbinnden) fulfulde.

E fiinannde aranere, men holliino limto (abajada) fulfulde ngon. Hannde hiɗen jokkita ka mbinndudi fulfulde. Kala sartiiji mbinndudi fulfulde hollaaɗi ɗoo hino tuugii e mbatu (konferansi) fonnugol mbinndudi ɗemɗe hiirnaange Afirik fiɓanoongu Bamako (Mali) e hitaande 1966 (mbinndudi UNESCO).

 -Ciddal:

Hingal anndiniree sowugol alkulal ngal, e piide misal:

golle, galle, wallude, maɓɓe, makko, majjere, addude

Manndito-ɗen: ciddal hino waawi seerndude kelme (karfeeje) ɗiɗi e fulfulde, e misal (yeru) addude/adude, holude/hollude.

Yoga e alkule fulfulde heewaaka siddeede, si wonaa e kelme luɓaaɗe e aarabu, ɗum ko wano: r, s, f, w, h e piide misal saffawol. E saaʼi goo Fuuta Jaloo hino heɓa hh e kelme lasliije (kelme fulfulde finaa-tawaaje) wano hahhannde kono ko woni sabu ɗum, ko sartiiji hitoyankaagal (phonologie), si en ndaarii lasli on: haaɗ-haaɗ-nde (Fulɓe woɓɓe wiʼa kaaɗkaaɗngol). rr kadi hino woodi seeɗa wano surrude (suuɗ-r-ude, pulpule luttuɗe ɗen ko: suurude). Kelme janane kadi hino adda rr wano lorra (iwdi aarabu). Fulfulde Maasina hino adda ɗum e kelme lasliije wano hoorrude (hoot-r-ude) = naɓtude.

 -Alkule nyonnde:

Alkule nyonnde ko b, d, g, j si ɗe hawtidaama e alkulal n wano: mb, nd, ng, nj. Tigi-tigi on mb ko nb ko tawde tun n takkaaɗo e b maa wonta m. Mise:

mbeewa, ndoondi, ngaari, njaareendi

 -Pooɗugol:

Ko alkule laaɓuɗe tun pooɗetee, ɗum ko wano a, e, i, o, u. Mo no faalaa ɗe pooɗude, o sowa ɗe laabi ɗiɗi: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu.

Mise: aamude, meemude, iidaango, hootude, uumude.

Maandito-ɗen ɗoo kadi: pooɗugol ngol hino waawi seerndude kelme e fulfulde wano aamude/amude, meemude/memude.

 -Siddugol alkule nyonnde ɗen:

mb → mmb, nd → nnd, ng → nng, nj → nnj

E hino ɗoo yoga e mise: Sammba, tammbaade, anndude, banndiraawo, janngirde, hannjere (takuure, gaŋaare, waskoore).

Siddugol ny ko nny (wonaa nyy/nyny!), e piide misal (yeru): sannyude

Winndirooɓe ñ ko ññ siddirta.

Ko alkule muume tun siddetee.          

Fiinannde 3 / day 3

Mbinndudi fulfulde

 En yi’ii mbinndudi fulfulde ndin ka Fiinannde 1 e Fiinannde 2, wonaa ko saɗti (metti fii). Kala faalaaɗo hino waawi ekkitaade ɗum e nder dumunna mo juutaa. Kono si en janngii binndanɗe fulfulde, en taway jiiɓu-jaaɓu hino heewi haa jooni, helmere wootere nden maa alkulal gootal ngal hino winndiree nooneeji ɗuuɗuɗi. Hay huunde wonaa sabu mum si wonaa waasude fahmondiral hakkunde Fulɓe. Goonga ko goɗɗo wi’unoo kon, Fulɓe ɓen waɗay aadi haa gasa, gooto fuu hoota ka mum waɗa ko faalaa. Sikke alaa, fahin hino tawaa e ko saɗtini siinugol aadi mbinndudi fulfulde, ŋakkugol jannde e ɗemngal muynaangal ngal ka lekkolji e ŋakkugol defte e jaayndeeji. Peeral hino etaade ɗoo hollitangol en yoga e ɗen luure ka mbinndudi:

          ny/ñ/ɲ

Bensondiral (konferansi) Bamako ngal (1966) ko ny yamirnoo. Ko 1972 Persidan Senghor mo Senegal sar’ini mbinndudi ɗemɗe Senegaal yamiri huuwtorgol alkulal ñ luɓaangal e ispaaniyankoore (espanyol). Gine kadi nde jaɓunoo huuwotorgol fonndoodi UNESCO ndin feewndo duuɓi 1990 ɓeydani hoore mum alkule kese: ɲ e nb (lomto mb), tawi Mali kadi seliino ny lomtinirii ɲ. Jiiɓoldu ndun timmi tis, ko e mum won-ɗen haa jooni!

 Ko ɓuri haawnaade, ko feewndo Najeeriya jaɓunoo fonndoodi UNESCO ndin (ɓayri ɓe tawanooka Bamako 1966 sabu on saanga e giiɗe maɓɓe muraadu ndun ko muraadu leyɗe haali-faransi), leyɗe adinooɗe gollirgol mo naati e jiiɓugol mo. Hino gasa sabaabeeji mum hino ɗuuɗi, kono sikke alaa gooto e majji ko lo’ere Fulɓe ɓen hella ka dawro (politiki) sabu ɓe hollaali laamuuji ɗin hitte ngootaagu ɗemngal maɓɓe ngal, ɓe acci ɗin laamuuji ɓahi mbinndudi fulfulde ndin e mbinndudi ɗemɗe ɓurɗe doole e ɗen leyɗe, ɗum ko njolfoore Senegaal maa Bammbarankoore Mali.

 Sabaabe goo kadi ko haɓɓitagol e doosgal wi’ungal: one graphem per phonem, e fulfulde: alkulal gootal wonande sowto wooto. Si tawii non ko maa tun ngal doosgal huuɓnee, ko honno winndirten sowtooji nyonndi ɗin wano mb, nd... alkulal bajjal? Ko fii honɗum ɓen wi’ooɓe ɗum hino huuwtora alkule ɗiɗiije e enngeleere maa e faransiire wano ch maa ph?

             nng̣/ŋng

E piide misal: konngol (woni fonndoodi UNESCO)/koŋngol (woni mbinndudi lunndiindi).

 Ko addi woɓɓe sincugol ndii mbinndudi lunndiindi, ko wiigol konngol hino waawa jogaade maanaaji ɗiɗi seertuɗi: gollal honude “naɓude konu, haɓeede, hippaade” hino waawi addude ismu kon-ngol, e maanaa huunde jeyaande e fedde-innde NGOL, wano lappol, si naɓii konu, wi’ee lappol konngol (iwde e seekorde gollal HON- e ɓeydol NGOL), e faransiire: la colonne qui a lancé l’expédition, e enngeleere: the column that launched the expedition. Ɗum ɗoo hino waawee faytindireede e konngol (haala, wowlugol) ko ɗum waɗi hino haani senndindireede ka binndol, e bi’ol winndooɓe koŋngol. E haqiiqa on, muynuɗo fulfulde faytindirtaa ɗii ɗoo ɗiɗi sabu helmere kala hino mari  saccondiral mum e nder yeewtere, ko ɗemɗe Tuubaako innata kon context(e)! Si yawtii ɗon kadi, kelme addooje faytindiro wano no yiiru-ɗen nii heewaa, ɗe yonataa hay 1% kelmeendi fulfulde ndin! Ko ɗum waɗi, jogitagol mbinndudi haaldanaandi ndin bonnataa hay fus e oo ɗoo hella (bannge).

 Kelmeendi ɓaarordi (terminoloojii)

fedde-innde: classe nominale (noun class)

ɓeydol: affixe, suffixe, préfixe

gollal: verbe

ismu: participe, participle

alkule ɗiɗiije: digraphe

seekorde: racine (root, stem

Fiinannde 4 / day 4

Jokkiten tinndinooje men ɗen ko feewti e luure taweteeɗe e mbinndudi fulfulde ndin jooni.

 1) nyc/nc

2) ŋk/nk

3) -’de/-de

 Yeewten non jooni fii ɗee geɗe ɗoo  no luggiri.

1) e 2) Ka wowlugol, baymaanaagal fulfulde ngal no yamiri si n wowlidaama e c maa e k, no waɗɗii ka o wayloo o wonta ny (takko c) maa ŋ (takko k). E maanaa, alkulal ngal ɓurtay nanndude e c kanyum e k, ko ɗum waɗi si on alhaali innaa assimilation, ko ɗum woni nanndingol. Ngal doosgal, kala muynuɗo fulfulde no anndi ngal. Jaraa ka ɗum hollitee e mbinndudi so wonaa faaleede jilɓinde ndi e hoore meere.

Mise:

 wowlugol               mbinndudi sellundi                   mbinndudi nyawndi

[sanycude]                   sancude                                              sanycude, sañcude

[conyce]                      conce                                                  conyce, coñce

[haŋki]                        hanki                                                  haŋki

[kaŋko]                        kanko                                                 kaŋko

[koŋŋgol]                    konngol                                              koŋŋgol, koŋngol

 3) Hiɗen anndi fulfulde hiirnaange ko ɓeydol –de takkata e gollal muumal. Si ɗaɗol gollal ngal no timmiri n, ka wowlugol ko nnde wonata (ciddal alkule nyonnde) kono ka mbinndudi ko n gooto haani winndeede. Haanaa kadi yowude kojombowal lomtotoongal n ɗalaaɗo on, wano no woɓɓe sutti winndirde non e ɗii duuɓi sakkitiiɗi. E piide misal:

 wowlugol                        mbinndudi sellundi                   mbinndudi nyawndi

[jaŋŋginnde]                            jannginde                                janngin’de, jannginnde

[honnde] “yaade konu”            honde                                     honnde, hon’de

[wonndude]                             wondude                                 wonndude

[hirjinnde]                               hirjinde                                   hirjinnde, hirjin’de

Maandito-ɗen: e saa’i, nooneeji mbinndudi ɗiɗi no selli. E misal: helmere wonde. Hinde huuwtoree e mbaadiiji ɗiɗi:

a) Gollal, yeru e ngal misal: gawdi mawki heewi wonde ko e weendu

b) Tokkirde, yeru e ngal misal: en nganndii wonde ko hakkunde renndo haaloowo fulfulde ɓe ndanyaa

Si ko a), ɓayri ko gollal, ko n gooto haani winndeede, wano no hollir-ɗen dow ɗoo jooni (ndaaru toɓɓel 3), si ko b), helmere nden yaltii e mbaadi gollal wontii ko wi’etee tokkirde. Ko ɗum waɗi wonde no selli kono winndude wonnde kadi wonaa ko nyawi: en nganndii wonnde ko hakkunde renndo haaloowo fulfulde ɓe ndanyaa.

E rawnoode: sartiiji mbinndudi ko nyeenyal hakkunde nyemmbugol wowlaango ngon tigi (e maanaa winndugol kala alkulal wowlaangal, wi’eteengal e ɗemɗiyankaagal baymaanaawal) e ɗalugol alkule ɗe muynuɗo haala kan waawi wowlude hay si ɗe winndaaka.

 Kelmeendi ɓaarordi:

Baymaanaagal: phonologie (phonology)

Baymaanaawal: phonème (phonem)

Gollal: verbe (verb)

Gollal muumal: verbe infinitif (infinitive verb)

Kojombowal: apostrophe ( apostroph)

Tokkirde: conjonction (conjunction)